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The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC-EP) is a Marxist–Leninist revolutionary guerrilla organization based in Colombia, which is involved in the ongoing Colombian armed conflict.〔〔(''Terrorism After the Cold War: Trends and Challenges'' by Michael Radu (2002) )〕〔''Latin America'' by Robert B. Kent (ISBN 978-1572309098), page 141〕〔''Organized Crime: From Trafficking to Terrorism'' by Frank G. Shanty and Patit Paban Mishra (ISBN 978-1576073377), page 323〕 FARC-EP is a peasant army which has proclaimed itself as a revolutionary agrarian, anti-imperialist Marxist–Leninist organization of Bolivarian inspiration.〔Miguel Urbano Rodrigues. April 7, 2004. ("Las FARC reafirman la opción comunista y responden a campañas difamatorias." ). Retrieved July 28, 2008.〕〔''Transitions in Latin America and in Poland and Syria (Research in Political Economy) (Research in Political Economy)'' by Paul Zarembka (ISBN 978-0762313839), page 109〕 It claims to represent the rural poor in a struggle against Colombia's wealthier classes, and opposes United States influence in Colombia (e.g. Plan Colombia), neo-imperialism, monopolization of natural resources by multinational corporations, and paramilitary/government violence.〔BBC News. September 19, 2003. ("Colombia's most powerful rebels." ). Retrieved April 7, 2007.〕〔International Crisis Group. January 27, 2005. ("War and Drugs in Colombia." ). Retrieved September 1, 2006.〕 ==''La Violencia'' and the National Front== (詳細はpopulist politician Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, in 1948, large-scale violence broke out in what became known as ''La Violencia'' ("The Violence"), which lasted until about 1958. More than 300,000 people were killed in the violence, the large majority of whom were peasants and wage laborers living in rural areas. In 1958, Liberal and Conservative party elites, together with Church and business leaders negotiated an agreement that created an exclusively bipartisan political alternation system, known as the National Front. The two parties agreed to hold elections, but to alternate power between the two parties, regardless of the election results. They decided that the pact would remain in effect until 1974 (however, it lasted with only minor modifications until 1990). This enabled a consolidation of power amongst Colombian Conservative and Liberal elites, while simultaneously strengthening the military and preventing radical political alternatives and popular reforms. During the 1960s, under a plan known as "Accelerated Economic Development", conceived by a wealthy Canadian rancher Lauchlin Currie (who had extensive landholdings in Colombia), the Colombian government began the pursue of policy of promoting large-scale industrial farms producing for export, rather than small farms producing for local consumption. The government heavily subsidized large-scale industrial farm owners, while violently forcing peasants off of their land, claiming that they were using it "inefficiently". A very large number of small landholders were pushed off of their land, and forced to migrate to urban centers, where they formed a cheap labor pool for the burgeoning industrial economy in the Colombian cities. By 1969, there were over 400,000 landless families in Colombia, with an annual increase of 40,000 per year since 1961. By 1970, ''latifundio'' (large farms of over 50 hectares), held approximately 77% of the land in Colombia. In 1971, 70% of the farmland in Colombia was owned by 5.7% of the population. Much of this land was consolidated in the hands of urban industrialists—which had seen marked increases in profits due to the influx of landless, displaced peasants, willing to work for very low wages—and cattle ranchers. Malnutrition and lack of basic medical care were almost universal amongst rural workers in the early 1960s, leading to extremely high rates of preventable disease and infant mortality. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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